May 9, 2012: Eight "stress factors" affect California's 30 largest school districts (with a combined population of nearly 2 million students, a third of the state's enrollment) and threaten the ability of these districts to provide a quality education.
These stresses and their effect are analyzed in an EdSource report, "Schools Under Stress: Pressures Mount on California's Largest School Districts," written and researched by EdSource executive director Louis Freedberg, at left, with program assistant Susan Frey. Freedberg, announcing the results of the report yesterday, tied the data to the tax initiatives that California voters will vote on in November. The data was gathered by three EdSource surveys, conducted between July 2011 and March 2012; the purpose was to provide an overview to how districts are responding to "the cascading impacts of the Great Recession on schools and the children they serve."
"...most voters have no way of objectively assessing the extent of the challenges facing these schools," said Freedberg. "We hope this report can help fill that gap." The report is free; the PDF can be downloaded here.
The big picture that emerges from the data is grim. The key findings are summarized by John Fensterwald in today's Educated Guess:
Childhood poverty: Rates of childhood poverty increased since 2007 in 26 of the 30 largest districts. Poverty rates, as defined by federal guidelines, approached 50% in districts hardest hit by the recession: Fresno (49%) and Stockton (46%). In San Bernadino City Unified, the childhood poverty rate rose 60%, to 43% from 2007-2008.
Fewer Summer Programs: Most districts have cut back their summer programs drastically since the recession, compounding problems for students struggling to advance to the next grade or considering dropping out. Enrichment summer programs have all but disappeared. This year, Los Angeles Unified will restrict summer offerings to a handful of high schools.
Fewer Instructional Days: Twelve of the 30 districts have fewer than 180 instructional days, the norm until a few years ago. While three districts – Fontana, Long Beach, and San Jose – restored the week they had lost, three more – San Bernadino City, Moreno Valley and Chino Valley – joined another half-dozen districts at 175 days.
Larger classes: Only Stockton of the 30 districts has an average class size of 20 or fewer, and only in kindergarten. Half of the districts now report more than 30 students per class in one or more elementary grades, while two (San Francisco and Los Angeles have kept K-3 below 23). The Legislature began to relax the state’s class-size reduction rules three years ago; Gov. Jerry Brown is proposing to remove all limits (subject to local bargaining) next year.
Fewer counselors: California already had the nation’s highest rate of counselors to students (1,810 to 1, 50% higher than the national average as of two years ago). There are on average 20% fewer counselors in 22 of 30 districts than pre-recession.
Teacher layoffs: Of 96,000 teachers in the 30 districts in 2010-11, nearly 11,000 received notices; of those 20% or 2,213 were laid off last year. This year, with uncertainty over the November tax initiative looming, Los Angeles alone issued 9,507 layoff notices in March and San Diego 1,655. What cannot be quantified is the impact on teacher and school morale of massive notices. But the uncertainty is distracting and dispiriting, with teachers focusing much of their attention on job searches.
Written for California's Children by Elizabeth J Carlyle.
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